Vulvodynia
Vulvodynia is a condition characterised by vulval pain and / or soreness without any underlying skin condition. The vulva refers to the external female genital organs, including the labia, clitoris, and vaginal opening.
The pain can vary greatly, it may be localised to a specific area, such as the clitoris, or it can be generalised across the entire vulva, sometimes extending to the legs, upper thighs, or around the anus. Some people may experience a combination of both localised and generalised pain.
In some cases, the pain is described as "provoked," meaning it occurs when contact is made with the vulva - this is referred to as vestibulodynia. Others may experience spontaneous pain, which occurs without any apparent trigger.
Some may experience both types of pain. For some, the pain is a primary symptom, meaning it appeared first, while for others, it may be a secondary symptom of another illness. The pain can be intermittent, while for others, it may be persistent.
Symptoms may include:
- A burning sensation
- Stinging or rawness
- Dyspareunia (painful sex)
- Aching, soreness, or throbbing
The experience of pain can trigger a secondary protective spasm of the pelvic floor muscles, which can contribute to a cycle of further pain. In most cases, the pain has no known cause, but in some people, the onset of pain may be linked to specific events or conditions, including:
- Nerve injury or irritation
- Abnormal response to an infection or trauma
- Genetic factors
- Hypersensitivity to yeast infections
- Muscle spasms
- Allergies or irritation to chemicals or other substances
- Hormonal changes
- Sexual abuse
- Frequent antibiotic use
Many health care professionals may not be familiar with vulvodynia. Women suffering from vulvodynia should look for a doctor, psychosexual therapist or pelvic health physiotherapist that is knowledgeable about this condition.
