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Microbial Impact - Urology

Microbes (bacteria and yeast) and their impact on health outcomes in urology conditions.
Microbes and their Impact on Urology Outcomes
Microbe Paper Title Outcome Authors Date Link
Beneficial Bacteria
Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus
Lactobacillus crispatus
Lactobacillus gasseri
Lactobacillus helveticus
Lactobacillus iners
Lactobacillus jensenii
Lactobacillus mulieris
Lactobacillus paragasseri
Ligilactobacillus salivarius
Limosilactobacillus fermentum
Limosilactobacillus reuteri
Bifidobacterium bifidum
Bifidobacterium breve
Bifidobacterium longum
Opportunistic Anaerobic Bacteria
Opportunistic pathogens overall Beyond the usual suspects: emerging uropathogens in the microbiome age Table 1 Frequency of Microbe Identification via Metaculturomics in Patients with and without LUTS. This review provides a robust description of lesser-known microbes to support our recommendation that our understanding of uropathogens should go beyond the “usual suspects”. Robert B. Moreland et al. 2023 https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/urology/articles/10.3389/fruro.2023.1212590/full
Overall anaerobic opportunistic microbes Association of Urinary Tract Infection in Women with Bacterial Vaginosis Our study showed that women with BV have significantly increased risk of urinary tract infections, with an odds ratio of 13.75 Sumati, A H; Saritha, N K 2009 https://journals.lww.com/jgid/fulltext/2009/01020/association_of_urinary_tract_infection_in_women.14.aspx
Gardnerella vaginalis
Dialister micraerophilus
Fannyhessea vaginae (atopobium)
Finegoldia magna
Fusobacterium nucleatum
Megasphaera hutchinsoni
Megasphaera lornae
Megasphaera vaginalis
Mobiluncus curtisii
Mobiluncus mulieris
Aerococcus christensenii
Amygdalobacter indicium
Amygdalobacter nucleatus
Clostridiales genomosp. BVAB1
Vaginosis Associated Bacterium)
Mageeibacillus indolicus
Porphyromonas asaccharolytica
Porphyromonas uenonis
Sneathia sanguinegens
Sneathia vaginalis
Prevotella amnii
Prevotella bivia
Prevotella disiens
Opportunistic Aerobic Bacteria
Overall opportunistic aerobic bacteria Biofilm Producing Enterococcus Isolates from Vaginal Microbiota The most common Gram-positive organisms causing UTI are Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus saprophyticus, Enterococcus species, Group B Streptococcus, or Streptococcus agalactiae. Sengupta M, Sarkar S et al. 2021 https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8471623/
Urinary tract infections: epidemiology, mechanisms of infection and treatment options The most common bacterial pathogen responsible for UTIs is Escherichia (E.) coli, making up nearly 80% of infections. The other 20% are comprised mostly of Klebsiella (K.) pneumonia, Proteus (P.) mirabilis, Enterococcus (E.) faecalis, and Staphylococcus (S.) saprophyticus Flores-Mireles AL et al. 2015 https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4457377/
Enterococcus faecalis Enterococcal Urinary Tract Infections: A Review of the Pathogenicity, Epidemiology, and Treatment Over the years, UTIs due to enterococci have become more prevalent in both nosocomial- and community-acquired infections. Enterococcus is unique in its ever-increasing pathogenicity through a large variety of mechanisms, especially biofilm formation and genetic malleability Codelia-Anjum A, Lerner LB, et al. 2023 https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10135011/
Enterococcus faecium Enterococcal Urinary Tract Infections: A Review of the Pathogenicity, Epidemiology, and Treatment Over the years, UTIs due to enterococci have become more prevalent in both nosocomial- and community-acquired infections. Enterococcus is unique in its ever-increasing pathogenicity through a large variety of mechanisms, especially biofilm formation and genetic malleability Codelia-Anjum A, Lerner LB, et al. 2023 https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10135011/
Escherichia coli Inverse association of H2O2-producing lactobacilli and vaginal Escherichia coli colonization in women with recurrent urinary tract infections Multiple culture-based studies showed that women with recurrent UTI often have increased rates of colonization with E. coli and depletion of the normally predominant H2O2-producing lactobacilli, suggesting that vaginal colonization with H2O2-producing lactobacilli may prevent E. coli vaginal introital colonization and UTI Gupta K, Stapleton AE et.al. 1998 https://academic.oup.com/jid/article-abstract/178/2/446/904810?redirectedFrom=fulltext&login =false
Klebsiella pneumoniae Insights into multidrug-resistant K. pneumoniae urinary tract infections: From susceptibility to mortality The incidence of urinary tract infections (UTIs) caused by Klebsiella pneumoniae has exhibited an increasing trend and has become a high burden for many public health systems, especially in hospital settings. Multidrug resistance associated with the production of extended spectrum β-lactamases (ESBL) among K. pneumoniae isolates is endemic in Southeastern Europe. Miftode IL, Nastase EV et al. 2021 https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8355719/
Staphylococcus aureus Staphylococcus aureus bacteriuria: implications and management Staphylococcus aureus (SA) is a relatively uncommon cause of urinary tract infections (UTIs) in the general population. Although rare, S. aureus-induced UTIs are prone to potentially life-threatening invasive infections such as bacteremia. SA is isolated in around 0.2%–4% of positive urinary cultures, more commonly in the contexts of long-term care, urological abnormalities and procedures, male sex, older age and comorbidities. Isolation may represent contamination, colonization, urinary tract infection or bacteraemic seeding from another site Mason CY, Sobti A, et al. 2023 https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9833284/
Streptococcus agalactiae (Group B strep) Gender and Age-Dependent Etiology of Community-Acquired Urinary Tract Infections Group B Streptococcus (GBS) or Streptococcus agalactiae is an uncommon causative agent of urinary tract infection (UTI). Streptococcus agalactiae overall prevalence was found to be 2.3% although it was shown to occur most frequently in women aged between 15 and 59 years (4.1%) Magliano E, Grazioli V, et al. 2012 https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3351074/
Streptococcus anginosus Comparative Genomic Study of Streptococcus anginosus Reveals Distinct Group of Urinary Strains Streptococcus anginosus is a prevalent member of the human flora. While it has been found in the microbiota of “healthy” asymptomatic individuals, it has also been associated with genitourinary tract infections and bacteremia. Prasad, A, Ene, A. Et al. 2023 https://journals.asm.org/doi/10.1128/msphere.00687-22#
Pathogenic Yeasts
Candida albicans
Candida dubliniensis
Candida parapsilosis
Candida tropicalis
Nakaseomyces glabratus
Pichia kudriavzevii
Other Pathogenic Yeasts
Ureaplasma
Mycoplasma hominis

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